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Nong Chan Refugee Camp
Nong Chan Refugee Camp, located in Nong Chan Village, Khok Sung District, Sa Kaeo Province, Thailand, was one of the earliest organized refugee camps on the Thai-Cambodian border, where thousands of Khmer refugees sought food and health care after fleeing the Vietnamese invasion of Democratic Kampuchea in 1979. It was destroyed by the Vietnamese military in late 1984, after which its population was transferred to Site Two Refugee Camp.
== History ==
A Khmer Serei camp was established near the Thai village of Ban Nong Chan sometime in the 1950s by Cambodians opposed to the rule of Prince Norodom Sihanouk.〔Reynell, J. ''Political Pawns: Refugees on the Thai-Kampuchean Border.'' Oxford: Refugee Studies Programme, 1989, p. 32.〕 It was populated mainly by bandits and smugglers until the mid-1970s, when refugees fleeing from the Khmer Rouge formed a resistance movement there.〔Mason L, Brown R. ''Rice, Rivalry, and Politics: Managing Cambodian Relief.'' Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1983.〕 On June 8, 1979 the Thai military transported several thousand refugees from Nong Chan to the border near the temple of Prasat Preah Vihear where the refugees were forcibly repatriated into a minefield on the Cambodian side of the border.〔Shawcross, William. ''The Quality of Mercy: Cambodia, Holocaust, and Modern Conscience.'' New York: Simon and Schuster, 1984.〕
In late August 1979 Kong Sileah, a former naval officer, established the MOULINAKA resistance force at Nong Chan. Kong Sileah insisted that his approximately 100 guerrillas stay separate from the 13,000 civilians in the camp; he became known for integrity in his dealings with aid agencies.〔 Encouraged by the good order of the camp, the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) built a hospital there.〔
On November 8, 1979 a fight broke out in the camp when a Thai soldier was accused of raping a Khmer woman and was shot to death. The Thai military commander Colonel Prachak Sawaengchit ordered his troops to shell Nong Chan〔(Pilger, John, ''Heroes'', South End Press, Cambridge, MA, 2001, p. 421. )〕 (known at that time as Camp 511〔Burgess, John "Thais Blamed in Shelling Deaths at Refugee Camp," ''The Washington Post'', November 9, 1979, p. 1.〕), killing about 100 refugees. The incident received international attention because U.S. First Lady Rosalynn Carter was scheduled to visit Sa Kaeo Refugee Camp on the following day.〔
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